Accountability in the UK Public Sector

Accountability in the UK Public SectorTo what extent has the globe sphere move more or little accountable as aresult of the changes since 1980s in the way in which the national celestial sphere is set up and managed?The following will discuss whether the national firmament has become more or less accountable as a result of changes in its system of rules and management since the 1980s. There have been at face value some profound changes to the overt welkin since the 1980s yet whether those changes have had a great impact on the earthly concern sectors accountability, or have been merely cosmetic changes will be examined below. As will be outlined below, the exoteric sector was greatly affected by privatisation, de-regularisation, or greater central political science scrutiny, as well as changes in the ways in which it was organised and managed. The differences and similarities in the methods in which both Conservative and press governments have wanted to change the way th e universal sector is organised and managed has been critical for the levels of accountability inwardly the various part of the public sector.The public sector accounts for a major share of the economy, the majority of government spending, alongside the bulk of the provision of public goods and service to the majority of the British population. The public sector had a tradition of non being readily accountable to the people it supposedly served, even though it could be held to account by government ministers and Parliament (Comfort, 1993 p. 491). The public sector was widely seen as being provider-centred rather than citizen-centred, an attitude, that still persists even if the emphasis of public sector establishment and management has changed (Watmore, 2005 p. 32). Since the 1980s, the aim of successive governments was to get ahead the civil service as in force(p) as it is politically impartial. Central government would also concentrate its attention on local councils, whic h were responsible for a quarter of public sector spending and service provision. Councils were also accountable to the electorate, facing local elections every year besides being accountable to central government their performance and reliant on central funding. However, local councils have the ability to raise their make revenue from local taxation which is crucial for their organisation and management, whilst causing conflict or debates with central government. Ultimately, local councils would believe that their accountability to central government takes priority to their accountability to the local electorate. After all, central government butt end abolish any council it wants, as Margaret Thatcher did (Savage and Atkinson, 2001 p.17).In 1979, the public sector was larger in size of it and scope than at present. The public sector did non just comprise of government departments, the civil service, or the services provided by central and local government. The public sector als o included nationalised industries such as the railways, coal and steel, as well as ailing unavowed sector firms such as British Leyland that were nationalised to keep people employed and factories open. Margaret Thatcher came to business office with the intention of radically altering Britains economy and society, alterations that reshaped the public sector. Thus, changing the organisation and management of those parts of the public sector that unlike British Telecommunications that could not be quickly privatised, or those parts that unlike the coal industry were not left to go into extinction. The Thatcher governments adoption of neo-liberal monetarist economic policies was intended to change the ethos and management of the public sector almost as much it was intended to change the private sector (Fisher, Denver Benyon, 2003 pp 7 8).Thatcherism could not dismantle the public sector, nor could it reverse the welfare state. However, the parts of the public that could not be priv atised were opened to internal foodstuffs to make their organisation and management more efficient, if not more accountable (Jenkins, Independent, 2 April 1987). The enterprises that left the public sector became less accountable to the general public through Parliament, although their organisation and management became more accountable to their new shareholders. By the time the Conservatives left office in 1997, public owned enterprises produced solitary(prenominal) 2 % of gross home(prenominal) product. That compares to 12% in 1979 (Bannock, Baxter Davis, 2003 p. 309). The remnants of the public sector would become more accountable by spending budgets more effectively, reducing waste and error whilst stroketing redundant expenditure. Government departments were set more stringent budgets, whilst both Conservative and New confinement governments have set performance standards for the public sector to achieve to modify force if not directly increasing or decreasing accounta bility. The Conservatives wished to make high spending councils more submissive to central government and were rate cap if they refused to curtail their spending. Organisation and management had to be changed to avert the punishment from Westminster rather than being more accountable to the public (Coxall, Robbins strip, 2003, p. 43).Local government was probably the portion of the public sector that has had its accountability increase the most since the 1980s. Higher unemployment and the perceived unpopularity of cutting spending on the NHS meant that welfare spending could not be cut as much as Thatcher had intended. On the other hand, the Conservatives were able to maintain tight control of local government. Funding was reduced or made conditional on working with other public and private agencies (Stoker, 1999 p. 1). Conversely, whilst elected local authorities were made more accountable to central government, more functions were being transferred to unelected bodies cognize as quangos. These quangos were spending 40 billion of public money annually by 1996 with little or no accountability compared to local government or central government departments (Fisher, Denver Benyon, 2003 p. 263). Councils lost some of their greatest capital assets with the increase sales of councils during the 1980s. Thatcher had promoted these sales to increase the number of homeowners and reduce the size of the public sector without much concern about the dwindling supply of affordable housing for the poorest members of society. Conservative success in promoting home ownership through merchandising off council houses was shown by the 15 % increase between 1979 and 1997 (Coxall, Robbins Leach, 2003 p. 42).Councils were made more accountable for the way the remaining council houses were organised and managed, even though they had far less control of budgets, sales of council housing, and the proceeds of those sales than ever before. The Conservatives were also keen in promot ing the transfer of council housing to social landlords and housing associations. Since 1997, New Labour has not tried to reverse any of those transfers of housing stock back into the public sector. In fact, New Labour has tried to expand joint public and private schemes in its efforts to increase service provision and efficiency rather than accountability (Fisher, Denver Benyon, 2003 p. 272).Accountability within the public sector for the way it is organised and managed has increased since the 1980s due to the increase in inspection and intervention from central government. The Conservatives were as enthusiastic about inspecting schools, councils and hospitals as they about greater consumer or citizen choice, market approaches and selling off what public sector assets they could. Whilst individual schools and hospitals were given greater opportunities for self-management, they were also faced with meeting performance targets, and more frequent inspections. Not only did the governm ent want greater accountability Parliament increased its ability to scrutinise government departments and the public sector through the expansion of the select military commission system. These committees have been able to uncover much that both Conservative and New Labour government ministers would have liked to have left unknown, whilst gaining greater learning from the public sector. Ministers have wanted more information from public sector management when going before select committees, increasing the pressure for public sector organisation and management to be fully accountable to the minister (Coxall, Robbins Leach, 2003 p. 245). New Labour has extended the roles and remits of inspectorates such as Ofsted, the Audit Commission and the Benefit fraud Inspectorate. All these inspectorates have increased the accountability of public sector organisation and management, often in its attempts to meet or exceed government targets (Seldon Kavanagh, 2005 p. 77). New Labour put most of its inspectorates together under the auspices of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and the Department of study and Pensions to assess local councils under the all-around(prenominal) Performance Assessment scheme, to make them accountable for their failings or to praise them for their successes. Poor performing councils can face greater levels of inspection whilst the best performing councils can have their inspections reduced. The Benefit Fraud Inspectorate has had considerable success in making Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit more effective and councils more accountable (DWP, 2003 pp. 38-9).The 1980s not only witnessed the growth of inspection and scrutiny, it also witnessed the emergence of New Public Management to make public sector administrators more efficient by forcing them to work along private sector lines rather than more traditional public sector ones. Operating along the principles of the market economy did not make public sector organisation and mana gement more accountable, hence the increasing use of inspectorates and nation wide performance standards (Davis, 2005 p. 11). Advances in IT have provided the base of operations for the public sector to improve its organisation and management, and allow for the collection of greater levels of management information for its various scrutinisers. Of course, more advanced IT allows the public sector to become citizen focused and offers the possibility of decentralised decision-making and even online benefit claims or queries from the general public. Improved IT and technology can raise the public expectation of better services. The NHS for representative has to ration new treatments that everybody wants as it has a limited budget. Accountability has to be amended to adapt to changing circumstances and technologies. New Labour has attempted to make both private and public sector companies and organisations more accountable for the electronic data they hold through the Freedom of Infor mation Act and entropy egis Act (Watmore, 2005 p.33). The government has another motivation for developing better IT within the public sector, it can reduce the infrastructure, resources, and staff needed to provide public services. bettor management of resources has allowed the Treasury to gain 6 billion a year between 1999 and 2004 from the disposal of public sector assets. Gordon Brown also believes that greater efficiency means that 84,000 civil servants were no longer needed, a decision that provoked anger from public sector trade unions (Davies, 2005 p.11 Simpson, 2005 p. 14).Therefore, it can be successfully argued that public sector organisation and management has become increasingly accountable since the 1980s. The Thatcher and Major governments made the public sector more accountable, or at least the parts of it that could not be privatised. Thatchers changes were not primarily concerned with promoting accountability, that was just a consequence of her aim of reducing t he public sector, curtailing trade union power and increasing control over local councils. The Major government did introduce the Citizens Charter to make public service providers more accountable to the public. New Labour has continued the trend of increasing the accountability of public sector organisation and management, although more for reasons of efficiency than any ideological attack on the public sector. The public sector has become increasingly accountable to central government, although its accountability to the general public is less obvious despite legislation such as the Data Protection Act, which gives the public greater rights to information and making complaints. The culture within the public sector has also changed to some extent from being provider-centred to being citizen-centred.BibliographyBannock G, Baxter R E Davis E, (2003) The Penguin Dictionary of Economics 7th edition, Penguin, LondonComfort N (1993) Brewers Politics, a phrase and fable dictionary, Cassel l, LondonCoxall B, Robbins L Leach R, (2003) Contemporary British Politics 4th edition, Palgrave Macmillan, BasingstokeDavies W, Is efficient government necessarily good government? Public expediency Director, January 2005, A GovNet Communication, LondonDepartment for Work and Pensions (2003) Departmental Report 2003, The Stationary Office, LondonFisher J, Denver D Benyon J, (2003) Central Debates in British Politics, Pearson Education Limited, HarlowJenkins P, Waking Up From the Long commie Nightmare, Independent, 2 April 1987Savage S P and Atkinson R, (2001) Public Policy under Blair, Palgrave Macmillan, BasingstokeSeldon A Kavanagh D, (2005) The Blair Effect 2001-5, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeSimpson J, Selling Britain by the pound, Public Service Director, January 2005, A GovNet Communication, LondonStoker G, (1999) The New Management of British Local Governance, Macmillan, BasingstokeWatmore I, Using IT to transform Government, Public Service Director, January 20 05, A GovNet Communication, London

Maternal and Child Health Journal

maternal and Child Health JournalCoulibaly, Ramata, MD, MSc Seguin, Louise Zunzunegui, Maria-Victoria Gauvin, Lise (2006) Links Between Maternal Breast-Feeding Duration and Quebec Infants Health A Population-Based Study. Are the Effects Different for Poor Children? Maternal and Child Health Journal. 10537-543. Coulibaly, et al. examine breast junketing patterns for mothers build up on family income and then examine the data for effects on childrens health. The results are in-line with other studies which show that women from higher income groups are more in all likelihood to breast feed their babies and to breast feed them for longer durations. Further, the study found that breast feeding regardless of income group, reduced the hail of chronic health problems in the infant children and the number of hospital visits. The benefits of breast feeding are well documented with regards to infants health, growth, immunity, and development. According to data assembled by hale People 201 0, breastfeeding decreases the number of cases and severity of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and pinnule infections. Further, breast feeding saves mothers and families the additional costs of infant formula and thus is more economical than bottle feeding. Despite these advantages Coulibaly et al. and other authors frequently show that wretched income households and demographics that traditionally are indicators of tear down incomes (African Americans and disappoint amend women) create gloomyer rates of breast feeding than higher income families and demographic groups traditionally associated with higher incomes (white non-hispanics and college educated women). Healthy People 2010 aims to amplification rates of breast feeding to 75% in the early postpartum period, 50% for the first 6 months, and 25 part for the first year. To meet these goals, more lower income women will need to breast feed their infant children. The facts uncovered by the article and also those cited b y Healthy People 2010 with regard to breast feeding rates and income status are counter intuitive. On the surface it would seem that poor women and families would not be subject to afford the convenience of bottle feeding and would therefore have higher rates of breastfeeding than their higher income counterparts. However, this is not the case and therefore breastfeeding rates must not be directly cogitate to income. Instead other variables must be restricting lower income women from breastfeeding. It is commonly acceptd that the benefits of breastfeeding may not be widely understood and that educational efforts would increase breastfeeding rates. This has likely been true and advertisements on city busses and involvement of community health pretenders and social workers are likely largely responsible for the increase in breast feeding rates that have been documented by healthy people 2010. However to meet the goals of Healthy People 2010, I believe that more action is required to address issues that are likely holding back many mothers from breast feeding their infant children. It is my belief that one of the of import impediments for mothers gestateing about breastfeeding is their job. The data by healthy people 2010 that shows over 60% of women currently breastfeed their children during the postpartum period when they are most likely to be on maternity leave as well as the precipitous drop in breast feeding rates to 29% at 6 months and 16% at 1 year after mothers have gone back to work support this hypothesis. I also believe that lower income earning women are more hampered by their jobs then women from higher incomes. I believe this to be the case since many lower income work in service related industries as cashiers or other industries where there are limited private spaces for them to use a breast pump or refrigerate their pumped milk. Further, lower income women are more likely to be considered expendable employees due to their lack of work p lace skills. In comparison, many women working in office settings have access to quiet rooms with refrigerators and are working on important projects to their employers and cannot be easily replaced. Thus, to meet the goals of Healthy People 2010, health professionals need to work with politicsal leaders to help them understand the importance of this issue in reducing our nations health care costs. All places of business should be forced to establish a quiet room where a women can use a breast pump in privacy and then gillyflower her milk until her keel is complete. Further, mothers that return to the work force must be guaranteed work brakes at appropriate intervals to the age of their infant children to maximize the milk pumped. Many employers of low income women will likely never establish a environment that is friendly to the breastfeeding mother without both governmental penalties for failure to comply and incentives to encourage compliance. This article prompted me to think about the data on breastfeeding versus economic level and reflect on my own observations. As a immigrant to this country, I have many friends that at times tried to balance raising a small infants while working a low paying jobs. I have observed their work facilities in parking garages, retail stores, etc. and now understand that they did not have proper facilities for them to operate a breast pump in privacy and store the product milk. Also, because I also have worked some of these same jobs, I know that often I was grateful to have the job and often matte up intimidated to ask my manager, many times as that was what the manager wanted me to feel, for anything special. Thus, I understand how difficult it is for women struggling in these jobs and trying to support their minor to ask for things not available at their work place.Because of these experiences, I believe that that many of the restrictions to breastfeeding by low income mothers will not go away without government regu lations and protections. Healthy People 2010 is right to set the goals to increase breastfeeding, but to achieve it health professionals like ourselves now need to educate our government leaders.

Johnny Rocket’s invades Belgium :: essays research papers

Johnny move ups invades Belgium eating houses continue to play a significant role in the Belgian prerogative market, and their presence is change magnitude rapidly, with the fast food franchising market growing at an annual rate of approximately 12%. American fast-food franchising concepts, such as standardized restaurant fetter that offer a limited but popular range of dishes served in packaging for on-the-spot consumption has been widely adopted. We plan to bring Johnny Rockets to Belgium with a twist of catering to business people, by catering lunches.Every Johnny Rockets restaurant boasts great-tasting food from a menu of All-American favorites including juicy hamburgers, hand-dipped shakes and malts and freshly-baked apple pie. Guests also enjoy an All-American diner look and feel, servers who know the secret behind getting ketchup out of the bottle, tabletop jukeboxes that belt out tunes for a nickel and dependable dcor. Johnny Rockets is the place where every Guest can enjoy All-American favorites served with a smile OUR GUEST PROMISE      Say "hello" and "goodbye" to everyone fleeting through our doors.      Serve the freshest, highest quality simple All-American fare.      Cheerfully serve guests promptly in a sparkling clean store.      Always dance on the one-half hour, twirl straws and serve ketchup with a smile.      Handle guest needs right here and now. The hamburger market is the strongest of all franchised food chains. In this market, McDonalds, the instant largest hamburger chain, hopes to expand from its current 64 restaurants to well over 100 in the next two to four years. pizza Hut controls twenty pct of the pizza restaurant market. Chi Chis and Dominos are also present in the Belgian market, but they have experienced a great deal difficulty in successfully penetrating it due to the high cost of labor in Belgium.Belg ium has one of the highest percentages of inbound franchises as a proportion of franchise systems in the European Union, which helps contribute to the strong competition present in the fast-food sector. The market leader is the GIB group, Belgiums largest retailer, which are the owner and franchiser of the Quick Hamburger Restaurant chain, Lunch Garden and CrockIn Sandwich restaurants. The Quick chain, with one hundred-five outlets, is the sales leader in the hamburger market. GIB originally owned the Pizza Hut master franchise. It is now owned and operated by the Tricon group of Belgium.The decision to enter into a direct foreign investment was made on the initiation that Johnny Rockets wanted to maintain controlling interest over operations, avoid transport costs and trade restrictions.

Individuals Suffering from Alcohol/Substance Abuse and Mental Illness E

Individuals Suffering from Alcohol/ gist Abuse and Mental autisticness In this day in age, there be many diseases that one can contract. Sometimes a person contracts a disease because it was contagious, and others because they are genetically abandoned to it. Still others contract diseases and disorders in ways that are not clear to doctors and medical researchers. In recent years, drinking and substance abuse have been tagged as diseases because of new research findings that doctors have discovered regarding the biological and psychological positionors causing someone to become an lush or a substance abuser. Anyone who has a friend of family member who suffers from any form of substance abuse knows the extreme difficulty of helping the low-down unmarried seek help and recover. The same goes for individuals woefulness from a psychogenic illness. In the past two decades doctors have discovered that at least 50 percentage of mental ill individuals in this commo nwealth excessively suffer from either alcoholism or substance abuse. (4) Some studies indicate that this percentage translates to 7.2 million individuals mingled with the ages of 18 and 54 are suffering from both a substance abuse problem and a mental illness. (2) These numbers are simply staggering. many an(prenominal) of these numbers apply to the adolescent demographic in particular, who the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) say are most prone to having a mental illness ...that may in fact lead to self-medicating with street drugs and alcohol. (1) NAMIs fact sheet on Dual Diagnosis also states that mental health professionals are discovering Dual Diagnosis in much(prenominal) high rates that they have come to expect that individuals with a substance abuse problem will also have a p... ...sorder by the oecumenic population, it will become easier to identify multiple problems in an individual family member or friend, and aid them in pursuit discussion. Sources Ccited1) National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), general information on Dual Diagnosishttp//www.nami.org/Template.cfm? portion=Child_and_Adolescent_Action_Center2) The Dual Diagnosis Pages , Dual Diagnosis group Reportshttp//www.toad.net/arcturus/dd/pepp2.htm3) Kathleen Sciaccas website , leading resource on treatment methods and program siteshttp//users.erols.com/ksciacca/4) National Alliance for the Mentally Ill , Fact Sheet on Dual Diagnosishttp//www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=54&ContentID=230495) About.com article on Dual Diagnosis http//alcoholism.about.com/cs/dual/a/aa981209.htm Individuals Suffering from Alcohol/Substance Abuse and Mental Illness EIndividuals Suffering from Alcohol/Substance Abuse and Mental Illness In this day in age, there are many diseases that one can contract. Sometimes a person contracts a disease because it was contagious, and others because they are genetically p rone to it. Still others contract diseases and disorders in ways that are not clear to doctors and medical researchers. In recent years, alcoholism and substance abuse have been labeled as diseases because of new research findings that doctors have discovered regarding the biological and psychological factors causing someone to become an alcoholic or a substance abuser. Anyone who has a friend of family member who suffers from any form of substance abuse knows the extreme difficulty of helping the suffering individual seek help and recover. The same goes for individuals suffering from a mental illness. In the past two decades doctors have discovered that at least 50 percent of mental ill individuals in this country also suffer from either alcoholism or substance abuse. (4) Some studies indicate that this percentage translates to 7.2 million individuals between the ages of 18 and 54 are suffering from both a substance abuse problem and a mental illness. (2) These numbers are simply staggering. Many of these numbers apply to the adolescent demographic in particular, who the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) say are most prone to having a mental illness ...that may in fact lead to self-medicating with street drugs and alcohol. (1) NAMIs fact sheet on Dual Diagnosis also states that mental health professionals are discovering Dual Diagnosis in such high rates that they have come to expect that individuals with a substance abuse problem will also have a p... ...sorder by the general population, it will become easier to identify multiple problems in an individual family member or friend, and aid them in seeking treatment. Sources Ccited1) National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI), general information on Dual Diagnosishttp//www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Child_and_Adolescent_Action_Center2) The Dual Diagnosis Pages , Dual Diagnosis Conference Reportshttp//www.toad.net/arcturus/dd/pepp2.htm3) Kathleen Sciaccas website , leading resource on treatment methods and program siteshttp//users.erols.com/ksciacca/4) National Alliance for the Mentally Ill , Fact Sheet on Dual Diagnosishttp//www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=54&ContentID=230495) About.com article on Dual Diagnosis http//alcoholism.about.com/cs/dual/a/aa981209.htm

Booker T Washington Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

For every exalted leader it is often said, he was non without flaws. Perhaps when referring to booker T Washington, it would be more(prenominal) accurate to say, he was not without virtues. Through his autobiography, we see a man raise himself Up From Slavery to succeed in a white mans world. At first glance, its easy to assume booker T Washington was an adequate, if not impressive leader for the black race. Yet upon a closer examination, it is easy to make his thinly veiled motives - completely selfish in nature. His ambitions, and the ambition of the black race in the late 19th century, do not fully coincide. An sagacity of Washingtons leadership skills shows him to be a surprisingly adept bureaucrat, although a divergent force as a representative for his race.On a surface level, Booker T Washington indeed did make progress for African Americans. We cannot fault him for his ample strides in educating an almost completely uneducated race. Washington claims that there were all over six thousand men and women from Tuskegee alone that were working all over the South at the time of the books publish (202). The success of these students was due in great part to the realistic outlook of Booker T Washington. By insisting that each and every student perform manual(a) labor, he prepared them for flavor much more thoroughly than could ever be accomplish in the classroom alone (135). By becoming a skilled in tasks manual labor, Washington believed you were perfectly in line for a comfortable life. In his words, any man, regardless of colour, will be recognized and rewarded just in symmetry as he learns to do something well (181). As an educational role model, Booker T Washington was a tremendous success.In addition to his contri... ...he was, provided he did not toil land. Instead, he built himself into a wealthy sophisticate - the father of a university with an inordinate amount of influential friends. And how did he do it? He cast down hi s bucket. As a black man, and a former slave, rising into fortune was a difficult task that could be accomplished only with great consideration. By founding Tuskegee, he gained notoriety. Then, by befriending whites, by being an uncle tom, he gained power. He thus rose to prominence not as a great leader, but instead as a great manipulator of the system. Due to his uncanny ability to work within the bureaucratism of American government and culture, he was able to attain all he had ever wanted - wealth, power, and white acceptance.Works CitedWashington, Booker. Up From Slavery The Autobiography Of Booker T. Washington Aun Autobiography. Citadel, 2001.

Affirmative Action In The United States :: essays research papers

The writer Mary Anne Warren is focusing on describing the current practices in many organizations directly in regards to the implementing a goal vs. a quota system for the purposes of affirmative action. She defines a quota as "Those who use the term "quotas" pejoratively tend to assume that the numerical standards go away be set so high or enforced so rigidly that strong reverse discrimination-that is, the deliberate hiring of demonstrably less well fitting stubdidates-will be necessary to implement them." (Warren, 370). Warren then describes goal as "The term "goal", on the other hand, suggests that this will not be the case, and that advanced faith efforts to comply with the standards by means short of strong reverse discrimination will be acceptable." (Warren, 370). The critical thing that must be unsounded when exploring the subject is that the writer is describing how affirmative action is being applied in American organizations today in o ther words the current reality. However, she fails to speak to us about how the impartiality designs this program to function. This is the critical component that American organizations must be educated to understand. Affirmative action as defined by law is most definitively not based on a quota system. In fact, what is not widely known is that this program can be equally used by all individuals provided that an inequality exists in the base that they belong to as not being reflected in the work force. So what is affirmative action? What is it designed to do? It is not designed to provide an opportunity to an unqualified candidate. It is designed as "a way of compensating individuals or groups for outgoing injustices or for present disadvantages stemming form past injustices" (Warren, 373). It is further designed "as a means about bringing about further future goods-for example, raising the status of downtrodden groups." (Warren, 373). The keyword in these quotes is the word "group". Who are these groups? The law has identified them. Some of the groups identified are race, religious beliefs, blood trait, gender, disability (whether physical or mental), veteran status, national origin, and the list continues. In no way does this require that you have to hire an unqualified person for a position because they fall into one or more of these groups. What it does mean is that you can not discriminate and exclude a person from getting a job, getting promoted, and other factors, just because they happen to fall into that group.

A film I have seen :: essays research papers

A film I have seenIve seen a lot of films, and with a lot of different genres. But I dont think that romantic films are pretty close. They are too boring. The good films are proceeding or comedy films, but the best films are action and com-edy films mixed together. Thats why Ive chosen the film Taxi 2. Its a French produced film, with a lot of action and comedy. Its a pretty new film, and I saw it in the cinema last month. Ive looked real much forward to see that film, because Taxi was very good too. It took only 5 weeks to get 10 mil-lion Frenchmen into the cinema. Just for watching Taxi 2. The film is taking place in Paris. Samy Naceri is playing the lead-ing role as Daniel. Daniel is an mislabeled taxi driver, because he hasnt any driver license. In the intro to the film he is overtaking Jean-Louis Schlesser (former worlds best rally driver) and drives a lot prompt than him, because he had a woman should who bear, on the backseat. Daniel has a girlfriend called Lily. She had invited Daniel for dinner, so the parents could see him. Her fa-ther is an army man. Under the dinner the father tells some long stories nearly his experiences in a war. Suddenly the red telephone rings, and he had to go to the airport to meet the Nipponese Minister of Defence. The father had a chauffeur who should interrupt him up, but the chauffeur were involved in a car accident on the way, and Daniel must drive him to the airport. In the airport Daniel meets milien (Frdric Diefenthal) and Chief inspector Gibert (Ber-nard Farcy) who he already knows from Taxi 1. The Japanese Minister of Defence was coming to France to see a French project to fight against the crime, because Japan had some problems with the yakuza (the Japanese ma-fia). The French police had planned a tour in Paris, with some planned crime factors. But the yakuza is also making a factor and is abduct the Japanese Minister of Defence. Then they together are trying to get the Japanese Minis-ter of Defence back . At last they succeed, and everything is fine. I like the film very much. I think its one of the best films Ive seen ever. The comedy in the film is just my humour, and the action was okay.