Establishing The Internet in Public Schools

Modems, e-mail, www's and .com's – are these phrases merely a part of a worldwide fad, or are they here to stay? And if they are, then what role should they play in the future of public education? Many times, new things come along, and we all jump on the big boat of opportunity so quickly that we forget to look at the long term merits of what we're boarding. The Internet is a good example of this, and we should all take a much closer look before we decide whether the Internet has a purpose and a place in the public schools of tomorrow. Education is merely preparing students for the future. But what is the future? No one can say with certainty. But by taking a quick look around us, we can guess that the Internet will play a prominent role in our future. If we look at the stock market, for example, we can see internet and technology stocks skyrocketing beginning their first day on the market. Or, turn on the television and one will surely hear a commercial telling everyone to check out their company's web site for more information on their product. Daily, we can see the Internet becoming more integrated in our lives and in the lives of our youth. Without the internet in our schools, how will teachers instruct students to take full advantage of what the internet has to offer? After establishing that the Internet is indeed a growing part of our society that will not likely disappear soon, schools and their administrators must decide if the Internet is a necessity or a luxury. The answer is simple; the Internet is a luxury. If it were a necessity for public schools' survival, then how have they made it this far without it? Though the Internet is a luxury, that does not mean it has no place in public schools. Imagine schools today without luxuries such as the light bulb, copy machine, or personal computer. Ten years ago, it would have been impossible to compose a letter, to send it, and have it received all in a matter of seconds. It is imperative that students are taught how to access these new opportunities so that when compared with other students anywhere in the world, they will not lag behind in Internet proficiency. Schools must begin to incorporate internet education into their regular curriculum in order for students to be successful in today's internet-savvy world. It is the responsibility of public schools to prepare our students for the future, and without the Internet in our schools, this would be impossible. By forbidding the internet to enter our schools, we would be condemning our students by sending them out into the age of the internet, being armed with nothing. Though the merit of the Internet itself will continue to be debated, it is obviously becoming an important part of our society and, therefore, must also become an important part of our schools, which are the future of our society. Had the youth of yesterday not been taught how to use computers, then they could not have created the internet of today. Therefore, if students of today are not taught how to use the Internet, then we are limiting the possibility of new discoveries tomorrow. It is important that we realize this: the education that is provided for our youth today will determine our future. In conclusion, schools and its communities must accept the inevitable and climb aboard the Internet ship of opportunity before it sets sail, leaving the future of our students, communities and nation behind. Where will this fateful journey end? Will it end in tragedy such as the Titanic, or will we be sailing on the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria to end at yet another beginning where something newer and more exciting awaits us? Only time can tell.

personality traits

Team Personality Traits Dawn Borden , Gracie Reed Johanna Guedea, Megan Miller PSY/250 December 02, 2013 Anney Snyder Team Personality Traits can be easily captured by five dimensions. These dimensions are called the Big Five. The Big Five consists of Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Instability, and Openness. A combination of questions and answers provides information that determines which characteristics are associated with each other. If teams were handpicked with specific goals in mind, these characteristics could determine whether the team succeeds or not.For xample, a team made up of aggressive, deceptive, passive and destructive personalities would probably not agree on anything. The Big Five have been gathered through the result of decades' worth of psychological research into personality. While they don't capture the idiosyncrasies of everyone's personality, it is a theoretical framework in which to understand general components of our personality th at seem to be the most important in our social and interpersonal interactions with others (psychcentral. com/blog/archives/2009).Everyone took the same test and the results came out very different from each ther results. Johanna is a very well organized and can be relied upon, extremely outgoing, social and energetic. Agreeableness, finds it easy to express irritation with others. But also is generally relaxed most of the time. Gracie is reclusive, quite, unassertive, and private; overly organized, neat, structured, and retrained at the expense too often of flexibility, variety, spontaneity and fun. Gracie is relaxed, calm, secure, and optimistic in life. Moderately kind natured, trusting and helpful while still maintaining own interests.At times can be suggested overly small minded, raditional, and conventional at the expense of intellectual curiosity, possibility, and progress. Megan does not typically seek out new experiences, very well organized and can be relied upon. Extremely outgoing, socially, and energetic, good natured, courteous, and supportive. Generally relaxed at the most times in life and in most situations. Dawn is at times overall talkative, outgoing, sociable, and interacting at the expense of developing own individual interests and internally based identity.Overly organized, neat, structured and restrained at the expense too often of flexibility, ife at most times. Is overly kind natured, trusting, and helpful at the expense too often of your own individual development. Is intellectual, curious, imaginative, but possibly not very practical in life. Working together is a great asset once we learn how to utilize everyone's skills. Being on a team allows for much more perspective rather than Just our own. Looking at the Big Five Assessment results we can determine who is the most organized and works best under pressure.We can also tell who has a creative personality and is open to trying new things. These are all excellent traits to ave for a team completing an assignment. When breaking down the team assignments it would be in our best interest to choose someone who pays close attention to detail, is organized, as well as dependable to be our leader. If we chose a procrastinator and someone who is easily anxious we may wind up with a late or unprepared assignment which would cost us points. Knowing what everyone's strengths and weaknesses are allows us to really know who we are working with and how to handle our assignments.Looking at the Big Five assessment we can easily determine who has which traits. According to the results we all got, the Big 5 Personality Test is not the most reliable test to describe an individual's personality. There are various factors that define someone's personality, but if an answer is need instantly then the test is big help. For example for a Job interview, the Big 5 Personality Test is an extremely good way to somewhat let the employer know if that person is a good candidate for that cert ain position. According to each other's result we did not exactly came to an agreement for the accuracy of this test.In my opinion it was accurate, for myself. But I would not use the test to define who I am. Dawn's results were indeed not accurate one- hundred percent. Due to the fact that it said he was more of an extrovert than an introvert, when in fact he is the opposite. The Big Five test is perfect for online schools because it lets everyone know which person works well under pressure, who procrastinates, and who is an over achiever, and more. With this, each team can be prepared for what it is in stores within their team. The Big Five is a valid test for certain things, but it indeed does not define who an individual is.It is a very good elp, to begin working with others but we each will get to know each other as we all work together. â€Å"The weakness of the Big Five Theory is that there is some debate among researchers as to what makes up the core of each element† ( Booker, Kitchen, Rebman. 2007). It is clear that we all have different opinions of what makes up each of the components that the test is divided into, but we all have some similarities therefore the test is not that much inaccurate. Different definitions but same key points, which makes the Big Five Test a good method for online school and other hings such as Job interviews.The various personality tests can give a synopsis of a person's likely hood of working well within a group setting. It cannot however take into consideration all the various situations that may take place during this period. A person can start out with the best of intentions and fail. There may be a lack of communication among the group, prior personal commitments, technical issues, or just not understanding the assignment. You have people that adjust to any situation want to work by themselves because they do not trust others to do their share.The Big Five can be a useful way of helping an individual to unders tand themselves and others. You normally don't get to see the results of your teammate or coworker, so you are both working in the dark. Seeing the results can also lead to mistaken profiling. In most team assignments, you really don't get to know the people that you are assigned to work with due to time limitations. Walter Lippmann, an influential American writer, Journalist and political commentator, once said â€Å"For the most part we do not first see, and then define; we define first, and then we see.

Business Research Project Essay

Last week our team was requested to identify a company that has faced or is currently facing problems or situations that can be addressed by research. We chose Blockbuster as our research project, we analyzed the company and identified the company’s bankruptcy as our research problem. Based on that, we set our research hypothesis as the possible causes or reasons that lead the company to bankruptcy. According to that hypothesis we formulated our research questions. In order to go ahead with our investigation and find out if any of the independent variables proposed in our research is related to the bankruptcy of Blockbuster, we have to identify who is going to be our population and our research sample. Let starts first by understanding what populations and a sample are. In statistical terminology a population can be understood as a determined or specific set of things or units that are going to be investigated or studied, while a sample or population sample can be described as a subset or portion of the total units comprising the population. In other words the population is the group of elements or objects to be studied or investigated and of which inferences are made, that later will be tested to be finally accepted or discarded. By sampling a representative portion of the population is selected to be tested the results and conclusions about the population are drawn. Our investigation is limited to Puerto Rico area, so our targeted population will be Blockbuster customers in Puerto Rico. Our sample will consist of 24 puertorrican Blockbuster users selected utilizing the random sampling method. Once we have identified the sample we need to determine which data collection method will be used to obtain information. The collection and analysis of information is extremely important and there are four basic ways in which data can be collected. The first one is to obtain the data from a previously published source, this one is possible when someone has already collected and published the data needed. The second method is to perform an experiment to obtain the data. By this method a specific experiment is  designed and performed by the researcher under specific and controlled conditions. The third method is performing a survey, this method consist of selecting a sample and delivered them several question and record the information given by respondents. The last method is the observation, by this method the researcher observes behavior of the population in their natural environment and records the findings. As our data collection method we chose the survey that will be delivered to the selected sample of Blockbuster customers in Puerto Rico. Our survey will contain several questions to be answered and will consist in to parts. The first one will have multiple choice questions and the second one will have question that will require the opinion of the respondent. This method will allow us to have and insight on what was the real reason behind Blockbuster’s bankruptcy, and the closure of its video stores. This surveys will be sent by email to the personal email address of the respondents. They will have 7 days to answer it and send it back by email. Once the responses are received the answer given in the multiple choice question will be tabulated and the others will be recorded and analyzed. Reference University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Statistic for Business and Economics 11th Chapter 6. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Statistic for Business and Economics 11th Chapter 7. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 10. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 11. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 12. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website.

Children families and communities Community Violence and International Essay

Children families and communities Community Violence and International Conflict - Essay Example This essay reviews the violence and community and international level. Community violence exposes children to emotional and behavioural problems and perpetrates violence. Intervention to prevent vulnerability to violence improves the life chances and reduces violence in vulnerable communities. Community violence causes aggression, depression and anxiety among children in the community (Garbarino, Hammond, Mercy & Yung, 2004). Factors increasing risk for exposure to community violence Research shows stressful life events, behavioural problems and the family characteristics as some of the risk factors exposing children to community violence. 1. Living in lower socioeconomic areas The presence of socioeconomic resources exposes children to community violence and aggression. Historically, the African Americans are affected disproportionately by unemployment, poverty and exposure to community violence. African Americans, especially male youths, are affected significantly by the juvenile d iscrepancy and the gun crimes. People living in low socioeconomic areas  may be adversely affected by the community violence (Spencer, Fegley & Harpalani, 2003). 2. Being from a minority group Ethnic minority are disproportionately affected by violence. ... 3. Exposure to domestic violence Children exposed to domestic violence exhibit behavioural disorders like delinquency and aggression. Domestic violence causes mood and emotional disorders like anxiety and depression, and the posttraumatic symptoms of stress like sleep disturbances. Domestic violence such as sexual assault leads to sexual abuse in the community. A child interprets domestic and community violence as unsafe world, and the ‘unworthiness’ for protection in life. This engenders helplessness and leads to negative perceptions. The posttraumatic stress disorder exposes the child to community violence because they impair behavioural and social functioning (Voisin, 2007). 4. Parental substance abuse Substance abuse by parents expose children to unpredictable behaviours. Behaviour changes from loving to withdrawal that causes chaos in the community. Despite of the sufferings that these children go through, the parents are to blame for the substance abuse. Children f rom families that abuse drugs are under constant fear of physical violence or incest. The youngsters suffer from the post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression and war crimes. Parental substance abuse affects the normal child development exposing youngsters to mental, physical and health problems (Sheidow, Gorman-Smith, Tolan & Henry, 2001). 5. Communities low in social capital The low social capital exposes children to community violence due to the reduction in accessibility to social resources, dysfunctional families and the overall fearful environment that substitutes the participation and cooperation in the community. Poverty and community violence is mediated through the availability of social institutions (Voisin,

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 23

Report - Essay Example From the performance, it can be noted that teacher Smith is rated good in all the years both in first grade as well as second grade. This is because of the good job that she did while in class with the students. The presentation for both years one and two are as shown below. It is important to note that in all the graphical presentations, 1 and 3 are first grades while 2 and 4 are second grade. However the good performance, the first grade in year one was not that pleasing. Another good performance was realized from what was done by Casey. This therefore made her to be the best in terms of ranking of the teachers from all the averages made. The graph below shows the good work from the students that she taught This is a very credible that can best show the efforts put in place by the various teachers. It is important to highlight that a good teacher shows continuous performance all through the session. Whenever the performance of a teacher goes down together with the averages, it clearly denotes that something is not right somewhere and the students are not being given the best in terms of delivery. Whenever a student is not given the best in terms of teaching, it is important to reiterate that this will be effectively shown in the student performance. In the discussion of the validity of criteria 2,it can be clearly noted that this method of evaluation is very much sensitive as it is much demanding for a teacher to make it happen that the average is above 548 which is the district mean. This therefore means that the teachers who make it to this or more than this is very much hardworking and so they are good teachers. This is because making sure that all students excel such that even when the average is calculated it stil remains above the

Cultural competence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural competence - Essay Example We the World Hunger Eradication Grants Organization (WHEGO) of the United States strive hard to eradicate hunger and make people in the world to live a healthy life. Our motto is to exterminate hunger and poverty by funding deserving and innovative projects that address world hunger and so we are about to look at proposals from countries and its organizations. I am a member of the grant awarding committee and I would explain in this report what are the eligibility criteria that a country must demonstrate in order to be considered for the grant, to what kind of organizations we would award the grant, and what are the required elements of the progress report/proposal that needs to be submitted in order to successfully avail the grants issued by our organization. Every year we allot US $50,000 to $500,000 for various poor and developing countries and their organizations that come forward with sustainable solutions to eradicate hunger through innovative food projects. In spite of the civil society’s efforts to provide food for the people suffering from hunger through food pantries, food banks, and other direct servicing programs, the numbers of starving people continue to swell in countries like Africa particularly in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern, South-eastern and Southern Asia (â€Å"2015 World hunger and,† 2015). So, this time we are looking for conceptualized projects from the African country of , that are yet to be implemented and those which are having high potential for accomplishment and replication. The first and foremost eligibility criterion for a country to receive our grant is to be a current dues-paying member of WHEGO. As the African country of Burundi is a current member of our organization, it duly satisfies this criterion. The country which has received our granting award in the last two years can neither apply

The Descriptive Aspects of the Novel Silas Marner Essay - 7

The Descriptive Aspects of the Novel Silas Marner - Essay Example During the twentieth century, individuals considered their community very important. The local village or town provided emotional and material support to the community members. The community gives members a sense of identity, through community discussions and gatherings (Eliot, 1861). The third point shows appropriate character destiny in the story. The plot is viewed as mechanistic on several occasions because the major characters are given just rewards or punishments in the story. Godfrey, for example, succeeds in marrying Nancy but they remain childless. Also, Silas becomes the most popular person in the community and lives in total happiness after adopting Eppie. The moral order in the community is clearly stated in the novel plot. Despite living alone for a long time, Silas has a good heart. This is illustrated by his kind gestures towards adopting Eppie after her mother’s death. This moral behavior is adequately rewarded because the relationship between Silas and Eppie is good and they remain a happy family. The concept of faith and community are related as shown in the novel. The community initially rejects and isolates Silas; however, he is later on embraced by the same community due o his acceptable conduct in the society. When Silas reduced his fa ith in the community, he was isolated from key social organizations like the church (Eliot, 1861). The novel utilizes the natural world to develop metaphors and images. The isolation of Silas is compared to that of a spider which is a very solitary insect. Silas becomes confused after he is robbed. He is, therefore, compared to an ant that becomes confused when its pathway is blocked. The domestic space of Silas is intruded or disrupted in the novel. The isolation of Silas is ensured through the closure of his cottage, from other community members. Silas cottage becomes bright when he and Eppie become a happy family. Social class aspects feature  greatly in the story. The English society during the 19th century was socially stratified.  

SUPPLY CHAIN GLOBAL TREND - Supply and logistics management CLASS Research Paper

SUPPLY CHAIN GLOBAL TREND - Supply and logistics management CLASS - Research Paper Example Customers on their part have become very sophisticated in that they are so keen to discover how a certain product affects the rest of the world. Any business that engages in sustainable activities has received a lot of favors from the rest of the world through donations and market share. The most important aspect of any business dealing is the nature of the supply chain in which the organization uses to acquire goods and services as well as serve its clients. Sustainability is among the global trends affecting supply chain in the world today. Researchers and scholars believe that for an organization and the entire global market to become sustainable the process must start with individual supply chains (Faisal 517). As a result, related bodies have come up with strategies to help individual organizations and industries to establish sustainability in their supply chains. In this connection, this paper aims at discussing sustainability as one of the emerging global trends in supply chai n. Sustainability houses three key issues including environmental protection, socio-cultural and economic performance. These three must be incorporated in any business endeavor to make it sustainable and healthy to the society. Proponents of sustainability in supply chain see it as a way to improve organizational performance and a way to grow the general economy of the world. In addition, sustainable supply chain aims at mitigating the negative impacts on the environment and society that occur in the supply chain. A supply chain is made up different individuals with different personalities and ethnic background (Miemczyk 484). Social harmony and cultural responsibility must be upheld in the supply chain transactions to ensure that organizations achieve maximum success and that customer satisfaction is achieved. The environment in which a business operates is key to its success. The health of the environment determines the flow of material and

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT OF YEMEN Research Paper

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT OF YEMEN - Research Paper Example The Joshua Project uses two percent of an indigenous population as the minimum percentage of a population that can impact an entire nation (Hoskins, 2005). Yemen unreached status stems from their topography which varies from hot coastal plains to cool mountains, and scorching deserts. This climatically challenges missionaries willing to spread the gospel there (Joshua, 2009). Secondly, their social and tribal structure has prevented penetration by Christians since all persons and goods passing through their towns are strictly controlled. They have various tribes which are ruled by Arab Chiefs who often fight each other. The belief system is the third reason for their unreached status. Despite being predominately influenced by Islam religion, the different Islamist sects complicate evangelism even further. Zaydis which is the largest sect is obsessive and warrior-like. They view all wars as a crusade against all non-Muslim believers to the extent that any Muslim converting and professing faith in Jesus Christ can be killed (McCarthy, 2004). This belief system and antagonism towards the Gospel creates major challenges to any evangelizati on efforts to this unreached group of people. The Great Commission forms the basis of missions in the Christian faith. Christ Himself commanded his followers in the Great Commission to go out and spread the gospel to the ends of the world. In a bid to obey this commandment, Christian missionaries travel to the furthest corners of the world so as to reach the unreached groups with the gospel message (The Yemeni Arabs, 2012). They have devised creative ways of reaching such groups for example extending hospitality, sinking boreholes, providing health care amongst other ways. Despite all this well intended cause, the missionaries experience unspeakable challenges as they try to reach out. They face rejection, persecution, battle with doubt and even death. On the

PR Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PR Campaign - Essay Example The company’s strategy will involve a research analysis of the prevailing popularity and potential improvements to be made. In addition, it will focus on how to engage in creating public awareness, the mode of communication and the evaluation of the entire process. The goal of the entire campaign should be the efficient expression of Ashley Braddock’s talents and gifts. Building the audience is one of the major strategies to achieving the results. The audience should be drawn from people of diverse ages, social and economic classes. In particular, we endeavor to begin our campaign by reaching out to the middle class. The middle class are capable of exciting the masses hence building her reputation. The middle class are the majority in the population, therefore targeting them will increase the chances of success by a big margin. The middle class people have lavish spending patterns on leisure and are easy to reach. Another from of audience will be drawn from the peers, institutions will provide a platform for a reach out to the young in lower grades, high schools and colleges. The ultimate goal of the campaign shall be to build a lasting image to the public on the uniqueness of Ashley’s gifts and talents. The company will be confined to make maximum use of the $ 75,000 to achieve the goal. Another goal will be to see a stepwise development of the public perception about the starlet; this shall be achieved through the frequent evaluations to be done on the extent of achievement. The campaign will have to establish a mechanism of reaching out to the masses; this goal is captured clearly under the strategies. The other issue will involve management of the starlets’ time and opportunities to ensure that maximum utilization of each is achieved. Finally, the company will have an obligation managing Ashley’s public figure in order to shield her from the negative

Comparative Politics Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparative Politics Midterm - Essay Example The answer to this question is simple and straightforward. This is the most popular pattern of democracy, practical from the functional point of view of the government in power. In a democracy, the political party that wins the election, turns to be the powerful chair and the party/parties those are defeated turn to be chair-less powers! Elucidating this issue further Arend Lijphart writes, â€Å"The majoritarianism-consensus contrast arises from the most basic and literal definition of democracy-government by the people or, in representative democracy, government by the representative of the people—and President Abraham Lincolns famous further stipulation that democracy means government not only by but also for the people—that is government in accordance with the peoples preferences.†(1) From the technical point of view, and going the by the rule book of democracy, the issue is clear. The party in majority, rules the country and its decisions are final and legal ly binding on the people. The Consensus Model is to accommodate for the viewpoints of the other party /parties, even though they have lost the election are obliged to sit in the opposition benches. In this model, there is always room for the others. They believe, two heads are better than one. Lijphart throws more light of the functioning of such democracies and he comments, â€Å"The alternative answer to the dilemma is: as many as possible. This is the crux of the consensus model. It does not differ from the majoritartian model on accepting that majority rule is better than minority rule, but it accepts majority only as a minimum requirement: instead of being satisfied with narrow decision-making majorities, it seeks to maximize the size of these majorities.†(2) Working as per the guidelines of this model, the majority party does not believe that whatever it decides is correct; rather it is willing to believe and implement, whatever correct is there, belongs to all. The French system of

Challenges and Achievements Essay Example for Free

Challenges and Achievements Essay Have you ever watched in disbelief at other peoples achievements, thinking to yourself how were they able to get there? The Answer is exactly the opposite of the following statement There are no challenges so difficult, no goals so impossible, as the ones we set ourselves Its because they themselves set their goals and as a result made it happen. The goals that we set ourselves may surely be very hard to achieve sometimes but still possible. on the contrary, the challenges that happen to us unexpectedly or from the outside world which are way more impossible to overcome. Every year the famous Olympics are being held were the most talented athletes from all over the world come to show their abilities and get the most honorable medal one could get. Right after the Olympic season the Paralympics start, were all the disabled athletes are being given the chance to shine. And its astonishing how people in wheelchairs, without arms and without legs are ambitious to show that they can be something and be counted within the Olympics despite their disabilities. Even One athlete without any legs was actually running beside all those who had normal functioning legs, and he actually won. Reading it in the headlines of the morning newspaper, just made me truly believe that there are no goals a person sets himself that are impossible. In addition my own personal experience with challenges prove that whatever a person wants to achieve, he will, even if it sounds impossible to others. In order to complete my B.A I had to pass the math CLEP test. i was always bad in math and numbers are really not my specialty, but I knew Im surely no less capable then all the others that passed the test. All my friends told me how hard it was even for them and how impossible its going to be for me but my score proved them wrong. Read more:Â  Personal Challenge Essay Of course I worked really hard and studies for hours, but in the end I did it. A person knows himself best, he knows his abilities and strength so when he sets himself a goal, with working hard he will eventually get there. On the other hand challenges that come to us unexpectedly are way harder to overcome than our self-made ones. Prove to that are all the many challenges of sudden disasters, like this years hurricane sandy or major poverty, or sudden loss of a family member. People who were affected by the hurricane have lost their possessions, house and stabilization. In addition to their everyday challenges they have this, which will take them many years to recover from. Those are challenges that are hard to pass, and when one compares those to passing a math Clep, those seem way tougher. People often set hard-to-reach goals and sometimes they fail or succeed in pursuing those goals, but nonetheless there possible. Additionally i do think, though that for many, the most difficult challenges come from outside the individual, from the outside world and nature. Besides, without any challenges we wouldnt be able to achieve so many great things. So lets embrace our challenges, work hard and prove that whatever we want to achieve, we can. The next time i have a challenge to face ill think of that athlete who made it to the top despite all odds. After all nobody said you cannot learn from others in order to achieve the impossible.

Advertising Revenue In Print Media

Advertising Revenue In Print Media When discussing the advertising as a revenue tool for the investments in the print press industry, we must have a deep look in the advertising industry and all the forces that forms the market and drive the investors to invest their capitals in the print press industry and the revenue is one of the factors which attract investors to access the market with high expectations for a great rate of revenues for their investments. Around the world, the Print Press industry is growing as a source of information and knowledge in the life. The Print Press organization is considered a corporation for good investments and good revenues. The unique factor about the Print Press is that the unlimited source of finance and funds based on the values of the suppliers, the advertising is one of the most popular forces in the Print Press industry which give it good revenue for the business. Therefore, the Print Press allows the high risk investors to transfer their investments into a high revenue market with excellent profits and exchange rates for the stockholders. The press industry is an effective element in the markets and in the daily life of all countries and people. In the researches there have been indicators to tell the benefits of the advertising revenues for any type of industry, the newspapers and magazines are publications containing news, information, and advertising. General newspapers have articles about political events, crime, business, art, entertainment, society, and sports. The traditional newspapers contain columns expressing the personal opinions of writers, with sections for advertising and comics. In 1990s, the availability of news via 24 hours TV channels and the Internet posed an ongoing challenge, while the advertising revenue makes up the bulk of most newspapers income which has been shifting from Print Press to digital media, and result a big decline in profits. A large number of newspapers and magazines worldwide had launched their online versions in order to follow ahead or stay with audiences. The cheaper print press increased literacy with growing in the emerging of electronic media and the newspapers are continued to grow. The main revenues for the Print Press come from advertising, the contribution from sales; the newspapers generate more than 80% of revenues through the advertising activities, and the remaining revenues from the sales. When there are no advertising, it is called editorial contents, which means the articles in the newspapers and its guests or writers when they express their opinions. The newspapers have many traditional advertisers, and there are many different channels for these advertising to come to the newspapers, by direct request, or agencies. Due to the press industry consolidation, the advertisements are much less to give the required revenues, and the newspapers are seeing these advertising shifting to the new media platform. The categories of advertisements are shifting into many types of digital websites, auto sites, and TV channels. With the new technology in our lives, the advertising media are varied and include the internet websites, rich media platforms and mobile networks. Recently the advertisement industry is mostly recognized as opposite editorial contents which pay a fee to be included in the newspapers. The advertisers include their products or techniques such as new design for advertising, and promotions for the customers. It is usually closer to the press release than the objectives of newspapers story. Introduction Advertising process is a form of communications which include the product name or the service name and how could they be benefit for the consumers. That process is often attempt to affect the potential purchase behaviors of customers towards a particular products and services. With the variety of advertising methods and types, the modern marketing and the use of information technology is affecting the purchasing decisions made by customers and lead the market forces to make some revenues for the producers. The main targets of commercial advertising are to increase the rates of consumptions of their products and services, which will increase the advertising revenues for the producers, and enhance the image of the products and services in the market to encourage the customers for more consumption. There are several elements and factors influence the advertising procedures and trends in the market. The different types of media in advertising could be used to deliver the advertising message to the customers; this message includes the image and benefits of the products and services. Traditional media of advertising may be placed by agencies on behalf of the companies or the organizations. Many organizations spent a specific amount of money on advertising and promotion items other than the consumed items or services which could include third party in the advertising or interest groups with targets of controlling the market trends towards their benefits. The money which is spent is indicating the size of the advertising industry and the revenues of them throughout the Print Press. The advertising communication is used to influence the individuals to purchase a specific product or service, or support a political ideas, it could be displayed on newspapers, magazines, and other digital types of advertising. According to a study by Booz Company, thanks to the bold steps taken to promote innovation and efficient management of more aggressive cost on the basis of the success of new strategies, media organizations may be able to prepare a better future. There are two major powers reducing the profits of the print media. The first is the continuous change in the areas of expenditure which marketers focus away from the paid advertisements in favor of other priorities advertisements from outside the budget, what would be a major amount of marketing expenditures when the economy recovers. The second orientation, which toppled the long-term profitability of publications, it is the birth of digital media. Literature Review Literature Strategy In the study, there are some important concepts to put in concern with all the other principles of the advertising researches, these concepts are related to the literature review of the Print Press. Starting from the first step of planning to plan for the study, then starting to plan the research and beginning to collect information for the study, all these steps and phases required for the literature caring and planning. The study of effects of advertising on the revenues of the print press industry is involving with all the strategic decisions and marketing plans for the most benefits of the advertising. This study will be more effective with help of the marketing researches and activities too. Only the start which is considered a critical phase to decide the segment of customer who the message from the advertisements are going to be focused on, and the researches will indicate the effects of the advertising as whole on the print press and all types of media. Generally, it could be relatively related to few of the newspapers which have revenues under certain amount of money, and use the responsible departments for performing these researches to increase the income for the newspapers. However, a variety of elements and factors are affecting the size of advertisements in a newspaper than another. Among some studies and researches, we have to introduce some unique services and products in order to attract the consumers and readers to purchase the products or use the service that will increase the size of advertising and the benefits for the newspaper from these advertisements. So, the strategy for literature marketing researches must be aware of most of the factors for the market forces, and the other effective elements for perfect planning and introducing the best plan of advertising revenues. The availability of marketing solutions to enable the media to focus on the broader marketing budget, with a bigger share of the budget information paid. And provides research networks and paid advertising is an effective way at the level of cost for marketers to guide the public about their methods of electronic marketing of certain goods. The building offers a wider range of solutions for marketers an opportunity for media organizations to compete more according to their own laws with research networks and advertising. They can strengthen the relationship with the more committed audience, and thus to get deeper information for the conduct of the consumer, and enhance their level of development of the content up to consumers and serve their interests. The publishers also have the opportunity to attract spending marketed through paid advertisements in the media to help marketers build their brands, through marketing solutions that help marketers build and electronic means for the mar keting of certain goods of their own. Advertising Industry In the advertising industry, all the managements of the print press are working together so that they can manage a strong strategy for the increase of the size of advertisements in the newspaper, the design of the advertising and the contents of the advertising are going to be determined by a shared members of both sides the newspapers and the producers. Customers trends are changing and the advertising message should meet these changes and encourage the customers to head towards these products or services in order to encourage the producer to advertise again and again. The actions by customers towards specific advertising are going to determine the ability to make the advertising again or stop it and change to another media, besides the message contents and the products brands or the services quality all these elements are going to affect the size of advertisements in a newspaper. Advertisers need to advertise their products and services to others to establish relations of reciprocity, mutual interests, and mutual benefit, the form and manner that is consistent with the nature of the times, and by relying on a Bellman, who was dispatched from the rulers of the kings and princes, who was wandering around the market brings people around the drum to tell them his message, and resorted to this activity class referees calls that have been used to deliver orders and decisions to the masses and to determine their approach to the authorities in order to achieve the Governor demands of them, the traders hire roaming the streets calling for advertisers on the arrival of ships and goods. Within the tenth century AD became advocates widespread phenomenon in many European cities. These traders were hired to guide customers to their stores and give them an idea of the prices of goods and the store, as well as trade and economic activity back on the market, which was working hard as he could to attract people to his merchandise and tell them their advantages and disadvantages, and hide the stock extent possible so that people deny it, that is publicity in the beginning took the form of oral audio. In the view of most historians that the external signs on the shops are the first forms of advertising, he has used the Babylonians, who lived in what is now Iraq for signs of such propaganda to their stores since 3000 BC. Advertising Plan The main strategy for advertising is the strong marketing plan for the print press organization or the newspapers and magazines. With a strong marketing position and good marketing team, the newspaper will be able to attract many advertisers in order to put their advertisements in the newspaper. The current researches are targeting the description of the advertising method or the advertising plan, but the deep looking here is about advertising campaign which will lead to excellent revenues for the producers and the newspaper. Starting with this point, the current researches aim to contribute a descriptive study of the situation of the print press sector, by describing the advertising portfolio of each of the firms in the sector, and looking at the changes the companies have made in recent years. Thus, these researches are adopting the product image as its unit of analysis from which to analyse the sectors situation and the trends in its evolution. Integrated advertising plan is the key to success and should include market research, customer groups that targeted by competition, positioning, product or service they sell, pricing, and marketing. Begin advertising and planning, advertising effective current information about the market. Study the ads of other projects in community, and consult with any professional associations related, help us with this interactive tool to assess the strengths and weak advertising. Pricing Strategy It is most important factor affecting the advertising size in a newspaper, when they set the pricing for advertisements they must be careful and consider the market with competition and set the acceptable range of prices which will be accepted by the advertiser. The strategy for pricing the advertising products and services depend on different segments and channels for the evaluation of the changes in the market. These changes might need to be affecting the prices and also gain more segments form the market. The prices are very effective in advertising and the size of advertising in the print press, the changes in the market will lead to changes in the organization strategy and pricing strategy to be more flexible in order to meet the needs of both customers and producers. When the producer is known with all the prices of the market, he will be considered with the size of the advertising and the content of the message he want to deliver to customers, it will indicate the ability to take the advertising or delay the advertising for another time. The researches distinguished between different pricing strategies, such as high promoter and low promoter organizations, without relying on product differentiation considerations. A segmented switcher perspective enables us to resolve some varied results found in previous models. There is one way available to the printed media in order to cope with their own business models for success in marketing the new digital environment, and through four strategies as a minimum: Deepen relations with readers on the target areas of concern. Focus on the flow of revenue outside the framework of marketing and trading. Redesign of the content delivery model (with a special focus on reducing costs) and the emphasis on content-profit article written for the unique and reflect the brand. Innovation of new products and pricing models. Marketers are aware that the leading force in the launch of digital media to communicate with consumers. And spend the companies that offer e-marketing offers for certain goods such as blogs and mobile applications more money on these offers, compared with other digital ads. And often are designed electronic means marketing of certain goods to attract registered users. The media printed a special relationship with its readers who trust the content of publications and appreciate its credibility. The sites of high-quality e-enable the printed media to develop a close relationship with its readers: consumers become more committed and willing to recording and exchange of personal data for the meeting offers for them. The challenge of media organizations on how to increase offers new content and consumer-oriented, without the added costs beyond to create content and difficulty of operational income scalability that can be achieved. I tried some media organizations to enhance the value of online advertising for the brand by directing them towards the target groups of the public. In the coming years, there will production for the majority of revenue in the digital media for advertising and sponsorship. However, the increase of income by the name of the registered user may play a vital role in creating flows of income and achieve an overall growth of vinegar faster. And media organizations can continue to pursue these sources of revenue in the digital arena with the recognition that there are limitations to the size of the public who can attract in the case imposed a tariff on content to consumers. Research Methodology Advertising researches are special type of studies which are specialized form of marketing researches; they aim to improve the efficiency of the advertising according to the market trends. These researches are focusing on a specific advertisements or campaigns, or may be directed at a more general understanding of how advertising works or how consumers use the information in advertising. There are different types of advertising researches, such as customized advertising and syndicated advertising; the first one is conducted for specific clients to address the client needs. The second type of researches is single research study conducted by a research company with its results available, for sale, to multiple companies. Before the advertising researches, the media used for advertising such as radio, TV, print, outdoor billboards, or Internet, these methods would apply to gather the required information for testing the benefits of the advertising before starting advertise. The focus is on what the advertising will do for the product or the service and the increase of revenues from advertising for the print press. In our research about the advertising and its effects for the print press industry, we are going to follow several methods of data gathering and analyzing, all the information related to the advertising and the print press industry, which will lead us to the desired results and approaches form the study. The essential facts her are that we have an important role for the advertising to refresh the market and increase the sales for specific products or services, the size of the advertising is effective element for the revenues of the print press for these advertising. There are many different ways to perform the advertising researches, most the organizations are using one or more of the several basics of the advertising researches or methods of advertising, such as: Surveysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ With questionnaires and concise, we can analyses the groups that represent the target area in the market. When increasing the size of the sample of questionnaire, the results of the questionnaire will be dependable. The surveys are working very fine for the researches and studies, which make it a powerful tool in the advertising methodology. Focus Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is a moderated method using the scripted series of questions or topics which lead to discussing among a group of people. It is usually lasts one or two hours and it takes at least three groups to get balanced results. Personal Interviewsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Similar to the focus group, but include the unstructured questions, and usually last for about an hour. Its a valuable insight to customers attitudes and excellent way to uncover the issues related to advertising and new products or services development. Observation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The individual response to surveys and focus groups are sometimes at the actual behavior of customers everywhere. We observe the actions and reactions by several methods to give more accurate picture of customers usage habits and shopping patterns. Questionnaire Successful newspapers measure the profitability of their advertising, territories, customer groups, and segments. This information helps management determine whether any products or advertising activities should be expanded, reduced, or eliminated. The first step in marketing-profitability analysis is to identify the functional expenses such as advertising and delivery, incurred for each activity. Next, the newspapers measure how much functional expense was associated with advertising through the advertising campaign. Third, the newspapers prepare a profit-and-loss statement for each type of advertising. Print Press and Media organizations can follow the tracks consumer shift focus to new flows of income resulting from the readers rather than to produce for marketers. But these challenges even greater, readers pay to meet the content difficult to find elsewhere, and which is difficult to imitate or copy. It has bypassed some of the publications of consumer reluctance of consumers through the development of credibility by a unique research cannot be found elsewhere on the Internet. The media organizations also find new ways to configure a particular brand as centers addressed by the community or data, and impose the cost of meeting additional benefits save people time and contribute to building their networks and social identity. Questionnaire is one of the cheapest ways to collect data on a particular topic by a very large segment of people and through this data, you can do an analytical study on that subject. It is important to know that the effort to get the strong design of the questionnaire questions on the place and the size and shape to take it out inevitably give data that could be utilized to make a particular decision on the subject to be studied. It is important to develop a questionnaire to the definition of phases, beginning with the things that will be tested and ends extraction results. Each stage must be designed very carefully because the final result depends on the interdependence of all stages, although that way all the data through the questionnaire is the cheapest way, but it can be expensive in terms of design and the extraction results. Questionnaire Factors: Determine the targets of the questionnaire. Written questionnaire. Surely we will not get required results if there is no clear goal and a specific work of the questionnaire, the more difficult goal or purpose is not clear where a waste of time participants and wasting the resources of the owners of that questionnaire. For example: Suppose that there is a program for computer and there is a problem in use by multiple users and resolve this problem have been identified target, (identify points of dissatisfaction with the user interface program and how it affects negatively on its performance). We might think that this really is the goal, but in fact not the case. The duty of the questionnaire designed to determine precisely what is meant by non-user satisfaction Is it to learn the program or in the strength and performance of the program or the difficulty of learning the program and whether it is important to the user quickly learn the program, also must determine what is meant by performance the program. The questionnaire is designed to clear, we must be very careful in defining the target and floating to general things might be understood in several aims, objectives and summary of the tower will, if we find it difficult to write a questionnaire, remember that we did not take sufficient time in defining the objectives of the questionnaire. Questionnaire: Name: Age: Nationality: Income: Job Title: Address: Favorite Newspaper: Magazines: Reading times: Purchasing: Attractive Ads: Interests in Ads: Important Ads: The advertising questionnaire is not easy to start, but with random groups in the society, we got some results to help us evaluating the importance of ads for people, these results could be summarized as: 95% of readers are not looking for advertising. 70% are interested in advertising. 40% are actual customers for advertising products and services. 90% are attracted to the colors and design of advertising. 30% are attracted by the contents. Analyzing and Interpretation of Data The results of advertising are not encouraging for the advertising itself, but the importance of advertising is deniable for all organizations, no one will know about any organization or services without advertising or announcing, from here we find the importance of advertising itself. Only the print press advertising became very shortly used and sometimes not effective for the investors. For the Print Press newspapers and magazines it is a very important source of income, and in the UAE market there more than one newspaper based on advertising, which make this industry very profitable and include a high range of income for the newspaper or the magazine. A recession can take place lasting change in the environment and the media, with the emergence of increasing pressure on newspapers and magazines. Decreased in the total advertising revenue in the year 2008, was recorded in newspapers, magazines and consumer publications for institutions of a decline in print ads more than two to three times. According to a study by Booz Company, thanks to the bold steps taken to promote innovation and efficient management of more aggressive cost on the basis of the success of new strategies, media organizations may be able to prepare a better future. Advertising agencies is administered by the advertising expenditure for the big advertisers usually. So, form a strategic relationship between advertising agencies and print media, such as TV channels, is considered a sine qua non of any means but this does not prevent the TV channel to organize visits to some identifiable potential advertisers to introduce them to the canal and nature of the audience and that does not hold any advertising agreements only with the advertiser through the ad agency, and can be made of those visits in coordination with the agencys ad spender do not forget that there are some spenders who want to deal with the advertising means directly, and these could be targeted through the channel directly. With the global crisis had entered a tunnel to free press, the crisis and closed dozens of them in Europe with fierce competition and rising costs for distribution of homes and declining advertising revenue, with The New York Times report to fall by more than one-third in the early months of 2009, compared to last year, prompting the majority of these newspapers to reduce the number of employees is clearly to control costs and balance of income and some of which is to ensure the superiority and control through their monopoly contracts to ensure the distribution of the newspaper not to compete in some public areas, for example, newspaper Metro which has a monopoly of distribution in the subway in London, which gives it a significant advantage to advertisers and reached the monopoly as a result of a contract signed with the supervisor of the subway, and the paper fears losing its monopoly contract with the end of next year, and newspapers seeking competition to get the deal attractive and profitable, which means that free newspapers are paid to monopolize the distribution in some important sites of density of human permanent, a type of expenses and costs it cannot support a free press, but with large advertising revenue and has from the outset as a strong entity in the market transactions. Does not deny that major news organizations in the world seeks through information services, the broad sense to make more of the extra revenue and complementary services, particularly the print press is not a printer of books and information services and press services for the sale of diverse press kit for the participants, diversity and excellence, credibility and depth, which newspapers offer European and American major, and was provided by the expansion of the Al-Ahram Arabic press in prior years ago. With the Internet age, the e-press services and other value-driven can become an important income for publishers releases provided they need Internet browser with high quality and very distinguished and diverse specialization in the form of news is interesting and attractive. In the light of the high cost of editorial quality and excellence and financial requirements in the form of large fixed costs and expenses in progress, the waiver of the press free from 15% to 20% of total revenues represented by the income distribution as a result of lack of interest in article releases and non-remittance of available and presented to the reader levels and high rates and high in light of the predominance of advertising material and clout, this kind of newspapers make a reduction in expenses and issuance costs more than the value distribution of income by the cost of editorial distinct rise inevitably and of necessity for the investigator from the sale proceeds are paid in case of traditional printed newspapers, This means that the decision to sell free of charge in the beginning and the end reflects the economic and financial accounts for the quality of new and updated list of the press on the concept of a new focus primarily on the advertising material which occupies the interface and the first priority and with the press material back to second and third, which means that there is a new industry was prioritize and re-arrange their sources of income and revenues, and also re-select the services and the quality of the target readers and the nature of influence, and thus contact printed advertising message aimed at focusing on the promotion and advertising and promotional goods and services rather than the promotion of ideas and press services of various kinds and forms, which fall under the industry opinion and conscience of the world. And even avoid publishing press crises and obstacles and avoid falling into the dark tunnel of indebtedness, the awareness and understanding the limits of economic and financial relationship between advertising revenue and the number of pages of the newspaper and also their relationship to the number of copies printed must be completely clear in the minds of managers and editing, and indicators show that the standard financial and economic mainstream press to the success of the paper and not stumble and ensure the realization of revenue and profit for the appropriate activity requires that a material ad rates estimates ranging between 25% minimum and a maximum of 40% of the total material printed in emergency situations of need, which means that the press material about 60% on average year to ensure balance and ensure the rights of the reader and provide a press release that variety and sometimes can be as high advertising material to at most 45% of the total printed material. And sets it in the end the newspaper ads pricing paper also determines the efficiency of the ad and its failure or success which are not only relate to access to the declarations and dissemination, but also linked and closely associated with success in the collection of ad revenue on a regular basis and without delay, while ensuring a minimum level of bad debt ad uncollected by the fact that the basic rule in advertising is the prompt payment, and the payment deadline must be the exception to the rule, even in large scale advertising campaigns and extended periods of time, the legal control of the financial rights of uncollected immediate should be the object of attention and scrutiny when agreeing to contracts with advertising campaigns to ensure letters of bank guarantees in the conditions of customers who Aidfon full value advertising directly. The same applies to set discounts for older customers, the exaggerated and left outside the scope of controls cause the loss of an important aspect of advertising revenue, and requires complete control and control the outcome of the advertising material as the main outcome of the financing costs and expenses of publishi

Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World

Linear B Archives and the Mycenaean World What contribution do the Linear B archives make to understanding the Mycenaean world in respect of one of the following: social organisation, cult practices, stock breeding and agriculture, warfare, bronze working? The Linear B archives provide us with the earliest primary evidence about Mycenaean palatial civilisations[1] and an unparalleled insight into the nature of Mycenaean warfare. The archives consist of approximately five thousand clay records[2] and contain information on armour, weapons, chariots, naval warfare and subsidiary details about possible troops. The importance of these documents is greatly enhanced by the complete lack of historical accounts[3] from this era, and also the fact that nearly all of the ideograms used in the archives are devoted to armour, weaponry, horses and chariots[4] means that they are of intrinsic value to the understanding of warfare in the Mycenaean world. However, there are limitations with the Linear B archives, particularly in terms of their chronological range, inventory style and perhaps bias representation of the importance of warfare under normal circumstances. It is also important to consider what other discoveries have made vital contributions to our understanding of Mycenaean warfare, such as the palaces themselves, surviving weapons and representations of war or armour in art. Since all of the tablets come from the palatial centres, one of their most important contributions is that they tell us directly about the economies of the palaces and that their main focus’ were ‘military preparedness’[5], defensive strategies and the wealth to support these things. The Linear B archives record information about the production, refurbishment and also the distribution[6] of many different types of military equipment. It is possible to interpret from the archives, that the Mycenaean’s used a very centralised system to gather and organise military equipment and that this was based around the main palatial complex. Evidence for this can be seen in a tablet from Pylos which lists sixteen different places that were responsible for supplying an amount of bronze in the form of heads for arrows and spears[7]. The tablets also directly show the extent that these palaces were concerned with having a fully equipped force[8], this is mainly due to the sheer number of references to armour and weapons throughout the archives. The many tablets depicting armour are especially useful when trying to understand Mycenaean warfare. Tablets at Tiryns[9], Pylos and Knossos all record suits of armour and provide us with evidence for the use of armour across a wider range of palatial centres than archaeological finds would suggest. At Pylos the tablets mention at least twenty suits of armour with the ideograms for a cuirass and a helmet, and at Dendra there are at least one hundred and forty suits recorded in the chariot tablet[10]. The ideograms themselves are of great value because form them you can see the style and type of armour which is very similar to the suit which was discovered at Dendra and those described by Homer[11]. Not only do the archives provide evidence for the use of armour they also give us some indication of the value of the armour itself. In some tablets the ideogram for armour is replaced with one for a bronze ingot[12], this could be interpreted as a representative of the value of the armour or perhaps as an approximate quantity of material used to make the armour itself. A further contribution made by the archives is the existence of an illustration on the reverse of a tablet. The drawing shows a man wearing greaves and drawing his sword, and was probably the work of a scribe while he was waiting to make his recordings[13]. This is particularly interesting as it allows us to see the influence that warfare may have had on a member of Mycenaean society who chose to sketch this scene and its shows the weapon and armour which was associated with a soldier. Weapons are an essential part of warfare and were a major resource recorded in the tablets. The importance of weapons to the Mycenaean’s can be clearly seen in a tablet from Pylos which records a quantity of recycled bronze by the number of arrow or spearheads it would be able to make[14]. The tablets also contribute to our knowledge of which materials were being used to manufacture weapons, for example we can tell that most weapons were being made from bronze because articles of iron were never mentioned in the tablets[15]. The use of ideograms to depict weapons allows us to partly see how the weapons would be used; thrusting spears, throwing javelins, slings and bows are all shown in the tablets[16]. The ideograms are also useful because it is possible to compare types of swords or daggers by looking at what is different between each separate ideogram. In the Linear B archives there have been large numbers of tablets devoted to chariots or their trappings. Many of these regions have rough terrain so this is often seen as particularly surprising. One example is the region around Knossos, which was, and still is, especially mountainous and the only way to use a chariot would be to bring it to the beach or to the plains some distance away[17]. Records relating to chariots include; a tablet from Pylos listing one hundred and fifty one chariot wheels[18], and the Knossos tablets featuring several hundred chariots and spare parts[19] along with individual inventories which record a name, chariot, horses and a suit of armour[20]. However, of particular interest in terms of chariots are a few texts from Knossos and Pylos. The first, from Knossos, records the distribution of defensive armour to each of the chariot crew[21]. The texts from Pylos, which were found in the Northeast Workshop, list leather items that relate to chariots, some examples are reigns, halters, bridals and saddlebags[22]. These groups of tablets provide us with information that not only supports the other Linear B evidence, but also archaeological finds as well. The archives have far more limited information in terms of naval warfare. At Pylos there are some unclear references to over six hundred ‘rowers’[23], and lists of coastal settlements[24], when considered together, these could be interpreted as naval organisation or defensive preparations. A further important addition to our knowledge of naval warfare is the drawing found on the reverse of a tablet in Pylos, its shows an image of a ship. The image is not only comparable to an ideogram used on a tablet from Knossos, but it also resembles the ships used not by the Mycenaeans but the Minoans[25]. One could argue that there were possible overlaps in the style of ships used from the Minoan period into the Mycenaean era. The contributions made by Linear B are undeniable, but on the other hand it is also vital to consider the disadvantages that these archives have. The records themselves were not intended to be long lasting[26] as they were only preserved by chance. They are in a way comparable to the modern post-it note: a disposable, cheap and transportable way of recording data. The survival of the tablets is also completely random[27], which means that we are often left with fragmented topics and it impossible to tell how complete the archives we have are. The archives are also only based on a certain group of palatial centres and so there is a possibility that there were some differences existing between these and others[28]. Thus meaning that using the archives to get a picture of the entire Mycenaean world is not reliable. A further problem with the tablets is the possibility that there are inaccurate. For example, those found in the ‘Room of the Chariot tablets’, have been interpreted, by some, to be scribal exercises and not genuine records, the reason for this interpretation is that they were all written by different hands in the same characteristic style[29]. If this was the case then much of our evidence for chariots would no longer be valid and the argument for their use in mountainous areas would be far weaker. The archives also have huge chronological limitations in terms of their range as they are either limited to the last year or so before the destruction of the palaces, or they are random undated years[30]. The maximum range of the archives has been dated to between fourteen hundred and twelve hundred BC, and each of the documents only refers to the current year[31]. This makes it extremely difficult to ascertain information regarding trends or patterns across the whole of the Mycenaean era. It is also important to take into consideration that these records represent what can only be seen as a period of unrest for the Mycenaean civilisations. The year before the destruction of the palaces would have probably been far more militaristic than ordinary day to day life. In the tablets we see examples of special provisions made for this time of warfare, one such example was Bronze smiths being excused from having to pay tax because they were so busy making weapons[32]. The tablets from Pylos include records of contributions of gold[33] and specific weights of bronze[34] from local officials; it could be possible that this was to finance the war effort. These records may then be giving us unbalanced view of the priorities of the Mycenaeans, and that perhaps under less pressing times there is a much smaller focus on warfare. Since the Linear archives are almost entirely made up of inventories[35], it is exceptionally difficult to understand either how objects were used or the nature of warfare itself in the Mycenaean world. This is particularly significant when you consider that none of the documents record the existence of an actual army[36]. It seems evident that although the archives provide us with a great amount of information, they do have their limitations. In order to fully understand Mycenaean warfare it is also necessary to consider the archaeological evidence that we have available. For example, the palaces themselves show evidence of a need for strong defences. The building works which took place before their destruction are a clear indication of preparation for sieges and attacks; in particular the introduction of water supplies[37] that would allow those inside the walls to survive, even under a long term siege. Furthermore the contributions in terms weaponry from the archives are much more valuable to us when we use it alongside actual surviving weapons and armour. One of the most important discoveries was the Dendra armour, a full bronze corslet and neckpiece[38] which is made from a number of individual sheets of bronze[39]. Armours of this type were recorded in tablets at both Knossos and Pylos[40] and the armour type can be clearly recognised by the ideograms themselves. We can also use comparisons between archaeological evidence and the tablets to trace different types of sword, and by doing so it is possible to see some possible changes in military practices[41]. Since the archives consist mostly of inventories it is useful to see these items as represented by the Mycenaeans, in particular through art, which gives us the opportunity to see depictions of chariots, weapons and armour in use. One such example of this is the ‘Silver Siege Ryhton’ from Shaft Grave four, which depicts an attack on a walled settlement[42]. What is particularly interesting is that this is a seaborne attack and so could link to the tablets listing coastal settlements from Pylos; it also shows an archer[43] which supports information on weaponry. Another vessel which provides useful information is the ‘Warrior Vase’ from Mycenae, this shows six men marching on each side of the vase. The men all wear white spotted, horned helmets, and carry spears and shields. They wear greaves, short fringed skirts and corslets[44]. The theme of marching soldiers is also seen on the ‘Painted Grave Stelae’ from Mycenae[45]. It is possible then to get some idea of how the equipment of a soldier would be put together and to see that warfare had a big influence on Mycenaean art. The use of boars tusk helmets is far more emphasised through art than in the archives, for example; in the fresco from Akrotiri which is dated to approximately sixteen hundred BC[46], and on a carved ivory relief from the house north of the ‘Oil Merchants’ which shows a Mycenaean warrior wearing a boars tusk helmet. These examples are significant because they represent the need to consider the Linear B tablets as just one part of the picture, and not as a sole contributor to our understanding of Mycenaean warfare. [1] Cline 2010:357 [2] Cline 2010:358 [3] Wardle 1997:45 [4] Cline 2010:367 [5] Cline 2010:367 [6] Cline 2010:367 [7] Rawlings 2007:21 [8] Wardle 1997:63 [9] Lodewijckx 1996:483 [10] Wardle 1997:64 [11] King 1970:296 [12] Wardle 1997:64 [13] Wardle 1997:73 [14] Cline 2010:367 [15] Chadwick 1958:116 [16] Rawlings 2007:23 [17] Lodewijckx 1996:493 [18] Cline 2010:367 [19] Rawlings 2007:21 [20] Wardle 1997:71 [21] Drews 1993:111 [22] Lodewijckx 1996:483 [23] Wardle 1997:73 [24] Wachsmann 1998:124 [25] Wachsmann 1998:125 [26] Cline 2010:358 [27] Wardle 1997:47 [28] Wachsmann 1998:123 [29] Chadwick 1976:169 [30] Cline 2010:358 [31] Edwards 1973:610-11 [32] Chadwick 1958:123 [33] Wardle 1997:39 [34] Wardle 1997:45 [35] Rawlings 2007:22 [36] Chadwick 1976:159 [37] Wardle 1997:73 [38] Hood 1960:9 [39] Hood 1960:10 [40] Wardle 1997:64 [41] Wardle 1997:63 [42] Rawlings 2007:23 [43] Tartaron 2013:64 [44] Suter 2008:82 [45] Suter 2008:83 [46] D’Amato 2013:41

Should Australia Become A Republic? :: essays research papers

I believe that Australia should not become a republic. I think that there would be no point in becoming a republic, because we live without the intervention of the Queen at the moment, so becoming a republic would achieve nothing. If we were to become a republic, we would lose the support of England in times of war, famine or other disaster. I think that becoming a republic would achieve nothing, lose our links with England and waste the parliament's time when they should be concerned with more important issues.If we were to become a republic, the governor general would be replaced by a president who would have the same powers and responsibilities as our Governor General, so only the name and the person holding the position would change, wasting important parliament time and achieving absolutely nothing. At the present time, there is nothing wrong with the constitution, and if there was anything wrong with it, it could be changed by referendum, once again proving that becoming a republic is pointless. Currently, we are not tied down at all by the monarchy, and although the Queen does have the power to intervene in the running of our country, she doesn't out of tradition, and therefore, probably never will, bound by the tradition. If we become a republic, we would lose valuable ties with England and perhaps part of our heritage that goes with it. England can support us through many unfortunate events that we may face and England, being on the other side of the world may not, putting them in a position to offer us financial, military or other support. If we were to become a republic would we forget that the English were the first people to colonise our country, and instead of learning about the colonisation of our country, learn about the way in which we broke free from England and the monarchy? We owe our existence in Australia to the English and we are treated very well by them - they let us manage our own affairs and don't interrupt in the running of the country, while still offering their support if we should ever need it, and if we were to break free from this "tight rein" by the monarchy, would they still offer their support when we needed it?Becoming a republic would achieve nothing and we would lose our valuable ties with England and the monarchy.

Essay --

The Seagull is a masterpiece written by Chekhov. It is a short play highlighting stories of characters who are preoccupied with themselves, what they want and what they do not have. However, these characters do not seem to listen, empathize or even initially understand anyone until Treplev commits suicide. Within the setup of the story, the author of the play uses various characters different from others. For instance the character of Treplev in the entire play differs to that of Trigorin in different ways. Treplev is a desperate writer and dramatist who live in the shadow of Arkadina. He is an independent person who wants to get out of Arkadina’s shadow. On the other hands, Trigorin is a compulsive and dependent writer who relies on Arkadina. In this section, the author will compare two characters of Treplev and Trigorin, explaining the superiority of one character over the other. Treplev is only son of Arkadina and the protagonist of the play. His perception about life is insecure as he struggles with the endeavors of being a famous dramatist like his mother who is a successful actress. He also focuses on his dreams of being successful in writing like Trigorin who is also a successful writer. Both Arkadina and Trigorin have membership of the elite Russian intelligentsia and the artistic community. They have a legacy in the community for over what they have done in terms of writing. In terms of character analysis, Treplev seems to be intolerant, self-defeating and juvenile. This is shown through how he behaves in the whole play. The desire that Treplev has for love torments him in a distinct way. He tries to develop a new form of writings that he wants to replicate the new upsurge of symbolist inscription that will reinvigorate ... ...think about form, because it’s pouring freely out of your soul† (pg 179) As Dorn advised Treplev in Act One, Treplev progressively realizes writing is all about their picturesque path with a well defined goal not a new forms and only to create new forms and being appreciated. In addition, Treplev is no longer jealous and starts yearning for Trigorin’s writing. He says â€Å"Trigorin has a perfected a technique for himself, it’s easy for him/ He has a shard of broken bottle glisten on the dam and a black shadow cast by the millwheel and there’s your moonlight night ready –made† (pg 179) There is a difference in the shade of meaning when Treplev explain about Trigorin between Act One and Act Four. Treplev respects the way of Trigorin’s writing and his formula. By the comparison Treplev and Trigorin, we can learn about the point of view with writing and their life style.

Collaborative Fund-Raising Activity Essay

The strategies that I feel that will solve the funding needs for Phoenix Homeless Agency (PHA) the best is having volunteers, having different type of fundraisers, and accepting donations of any amount. The reason for these three is because they are a more successful way of solving the struggle the agency having. Having volunteers will allow the help of volunteered peers that are concerned and willing to help out to continue providing job counseling to qualify recipients. They will help to get the word around by doing things that the agency would want or maybe what they suggest to help out that will make the agency successful. By having many different fundraisers will set a great deed for making money to uphold a quality that the agency require by doing fundraisers the community may enjoy attending to. Examples of some of the different fundraisers people may enjoy that I would consider are bake sales, auctions, garage sales, or even something like a kids/parent night. Successfully raising large amounts of money requires a focused, strategic effort involving careful planning and coordination. Taking donations is a common strategy to use by raising money because you appreciate whatever that is offered by anyone that will help when you are in need of help because everything helps if it is not much. Cash donations are a straightforward strategy because many will use it as a tax deduction because cash contributions can be claimed for a tax deduction up to fifty percent on their modified adjusted gross income.

How Titan Armoured Vehicle Launch Bridge Can Benefit Indonesian Army Engineers

AN ESSAY ON HOW TITAN ARMOURED VEHICLE LAUNCH BRIDGE CAN BENEFIT INDONESIAN ARMY ENGINEERS By Captain Yaenurendra Hasmoro Aryo Putro INTRODUCTION 1. Several characteristics of Indonesia’s environment seem to be considerable in determining the role of Indonesian Army Engineers (IAEs). Firstly, terrain that is predominantly seashore area with lots of volcanoes on every big island. Secondly, the large number of rivers in Indonesia including around 500 both large and small.Thirdly, the high risk of natural disasters caused by 128 active volcanoes and the location of its islands ‘on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian and Australian tectonic plates’. Those three characteristics combine to give irregular but frequent supporting tasks for IAEs whether in calm normal situations or chaotic post-disaster evacuation ones. Many of these requirements need to be met only with bridging efforts. Hence, it is logical to deduce that Indonesian military engineers need a strong, yet r apid capability in bridging.One of the options is to possess a quantity of Titan Armoured Vehicle Launch Bridge (Titan AVLB). 2. This essay will briefly nominate the prerequisite of utilizing Titan AVLB as one of the main bridging vehicle in IAEs. CURRENT BRIDGING CAPABILITIES 3. The main task with which IAEs are burdened is to support the manoeuvre of infantries in the battlefield including to facilitate either river/lake or other gap crossing . Even, in the peace time IAEs frequently play a role in supporting low level development of the country as well as to contribute to rehabilitation efforts in disasters.To carry out this particular function, IAEs are equipped with three kinds of bridging systems: Bailey bridge, Acrow panel bridge, and pontoon bridge. Most of the combat engineer Battalions are resourced with Bailey bridges. Only a small number of battalions have the resources of Acrow panel bridges. Meanwhile, pontoon bridges can be found only in the training centre. Whilst th ose structures have been used effectively in many situations, nevertheless, there are several short-falls. The mentioned bridging structures are all heavyweight ones. For example, it needs more than 34 tonnes of materials to construct a triple-single Bailey ridge which can only connect 22 metres gap. The next problem is in transporting such a heavy materials. Another difficulty is with the time consumed and man power required to erect these bridge structures. The process of launching either a Bailey or Acrow panel bridges would previously take up to 1 platoon of soldiers to push the panels one by one. Nowadays, powerful heavy equipment (dozer, crane, etc) can be employed. Also, whilst the heavyweight problem is not the case for pontoon bridges, nevertheless, time and manpower are still complexities. 4.Facing this set of disadvantages, it seems that there has been little research published on the effort to substitute or at least strengthen the bridging capability of IAEs. Even in the training centre, other options of alternative bridge system are not yet introduced. SUITABILITY OF THE TITAN ARMOURED VEHICLE LAUNCH BRIDGE (AVLB) 5. AVLB is an armoured vehicle equipped with a set of folded bridge spans that can be launched and retrieved mechanically. There are various types of AVLB used by several countries. The focus in this essay will be on the Titan AVLB which is a most recent type. . The Royal United Kingdom Engineers (RE) is one of the national institutions using Titan AVLB. The RE explain that the Titan AVLB is modified from the ‘Challenger 2 Main Battle Tank (MBT) chassis’. This kind of bridge was drafted to connect up to 60 metres of space by laying an assortment of three close support bridges. The AVLB operates in improved ‘ground manoeuvre formations’ which will enable dealing with an assortment of earth terrain. The other important thing is the short time required to lay the bridges. This vehicle can launch bridge no. 10 (26 m etres) in two minutes.It can also carry and lay two of no. 12 bridge (13. 5 metres) in 90 seconds. 7. Pictures and specification of the Titan AVLB are shown below. Titan Armoured Vehicle Launcher Bridge (AVLB) Specifications Weight (Estimated)62,500kg CarriesCarries BR-90 Close Support Bridges: No. 10 (length 26 m, span 21-24. 5 m); No. 11 (length 16 m, span 14. 5m); & No. 12 (length 13. 5 m, span 12 m) Road Speed59kmh Road Range450kms Enginecomprises Perkins CV12 diesel engine, David Brown TN54 enhanced low-loss gearbox and the OMANI cooling group: Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is also fitted Engine Power1,200bhpCrew3 Armament1 x 7. 62mm machine gun, Stowage for crew man-portable Light Anti-Tank Weapons, Fitted with NBC protection system. THE ADVANTAGES FOR IAEs 8. the capabilities and the specifications of the Titan AVLB are clearly apparent in the above table and explanation. The obvious deduction is that several advantages will be appreciated by anyone who utilizes this vehicle. I am optimistic that after graduating from the Capability and Technology Management Course (CTMC), I may be able and to access and to conduct further detailed research on this matter.Nevertheless, at the moment even given the limited scope of this paper, it is clear at least there are three advantages to discuss in term of benefits for IAEs by utilizing Titan AVLB. 9. One good point to start with is the ability of this vehicle to move by itself. The 62. 5 tonnes of weight can not be considered as light, however, since the vehicle can move easily and relatively fast, weight is no longer a problem. Even the transportation problem presented with Bailey, Acrow panel, and pontoon bridges is eliminated by this vehicle.This beneficial fact negates the requirement to use another vehicle and subsequently saving some amount of fuel and costs. 10. The second benefits can be identified is the minimum use of manpower. It is explicitly written in the specifications that this magnificent vehicle can be manned by only three personnel. For this reason, human resources in a company of engineers for instance, can be managed more efficiently and can undertake more parallel tasks. Particularly in a disaster relief, military personnel are vital to be involved in both evacuation and rehabilitation efforts. 1. The last but not least, the perfect integration of this equipment’s ability to operate on almost all terrain along with its rapid launching and retrieving, will be very valuable in providing assistance during periods of disaster relief especially when the permanent bridge facilities may have collapsed or are not in order. Subsequently, evacuation could be undertaken faster, more lives could be saved. In addition, the quick launch of the bridges will also assist the government as well as other concerned parties in conducting the rehabilitation process. CONCLUSION 2. The Titan AVLB is a heavy duty engineering vehicle which can move by itself, carrying a set of bridges which are ready to be launched within minutes, and operated by not more than 3 personnel. Its combination of advantageous capabilities is highly suited for IAEs in order to meet the challenges presented by the Indonesian environment, both in normal daily situations and post-disaster evacuation and rehabilitation periods. BIBLIOGRAPHY ‘Armoured Vehicle Launch Bridge’, Wikipedia, 6 November 2010 at 22:51, viewed on 21 November 2010, < http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Armoured_vehicle-launched_bridge> Central Intelligence Agency, ‘The World Factbook†, in Central Intelligence Agency, Oct 05, 2009 10:49 AM, viewed on 21 November 2010, . Partnership for Disaster Reduction South-East Asia Phase 4, ‘Monitoring and Reporting Progress on Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia’, in Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, April 2008, viewed on 21 November 2010, The Royal Engineers, ‘Titan Armoured Vehicle Launcher Bridge (AVLB)’, The Bri tish Army, viewed 19 November 2010, < http://www. armedforces. co. uk/army/listings/l0062. html>

Community Health Nursing Assessment

Community Health Assessment of 78382 Chamberlain College of Nursing NR-443 Fall Session, November 2012 Audrey L. Hendrix Community Health Assessment of 78382 Introduction In an effort to promote the health needs within a community, a successful community health nurse (CHN) must focus on the entire population. In order to accomplish this task, the CHN utilizes a scientific approach to determine the priority population focused health needs for the community.According to Nies & McEwen (2011), a population focus involving an assessment of the community is a primary tool utilized in order to develop planning, interventions, and evaluations for the community at large. The purpose of this paper is to determine a priority health problem of a specific community based on demographic data, epidemiological data, and a windshield survey of the community. Community Data Zip code 78382 is the official postal identification for the city of Rockport, Texas. Rockport is the county seat of Aransas Coun ty.Rockport is a Texas Gulf Coast community located on Live Oak Peninsula between Copano and Aransas Bay on State Highway 35. Named for the rock ledge that lies underneath the coastal shore, Rockport was founded after the Civil War as a cattle slaughtering, packing, and shipping port. This industry continued until the late 1800’s when boatbuilding and fishing began to develop into important industries. After the railroad came to Rockport, tourism and the resort business began to thrive (Shukalo, 2005). After the turn of the century, a major hurricane almost destroyed the entire community.Recovery from this devastating natural disaster was slow but by the late 1920’s the community once again began to thrive. At that time, shrimping became a major industry within the community. Throughout the next four decades, the community continued to grow with the main sources of commerce remaining in the areas of fishing, shrimping, and tourism. Today Rockport is a favorite vacation spot known as the Texas Riviera. Major sources of commercial life today in Rockport are the restaurant and motel industries (Shukalo, 2005). Demographic and Epidemiological DataThe estimated population of Rockport is 8,846 compared to 25,674,681 for the state of Texas. The age breakdown for the population is 5% under the age of 5, 17. 9% under the age of 18, 28. 3% over the age of 65 and 51. 7% female. The state of Texas is 7. 7% under the age of 5, 27. 3% under the age of 18, 10. 3% over the age of 65 and 50. 4% female (U. S. Census Bureau, 2012). Caucasian is the largest ethnic group in Rockport at 88. 7%, African-American at 1. 5%, American Indians at 0. 7%, Asian at 2. 4%, Native Hawaiian at 0. 1% and Hispanics at 20. 8%. The state of Texas lists Caucasians at 70. %, African-Americans at 11. 8%, American Indians at 0. 7%, Native Hawaiian at 0. 1% and Hispanics at 45. 3% (U. S. Census Bureau, 2012). Currently 14. 7% of the population over the age of five in Rockport does not spe ak English in the home setting, 87% of the population over the age of 25 is a high school graduate, and 32. 3% over the age of 25 has a bachelor’s degree. In comparison, the state of Texas lists 34. 2% over the age of five that do not speak English in the home, 80% over the age of 25 with a high school diploma, and 25. 8% over the age of 25 with a bachelor’s degree (U. S. Census Bureau, 2012).Per capita income in Rockport is $30,513 compared to $24,870 for the state of Texas. The median income per household is $44,487 and the state of Texas is $49,646. Individuals living below the poverty level in Rockport are 17. 6% of the population compared to 16. 89% for the state of Texas (U. S. Census Bureau, 2012). Current infant mortality in Rockport is 4. 2 per 1000 live births compared to six per 1000 live births for the state of Texas. Adult obesity is 26. 6% of the population in Rockport and 10. 7% of the population is diabetic. Childhood obesity is 23. 3% of the Rockport p opulation compared to 32. % in the state of Texas (Kaiser Health News, 2012). In 2002, Aransas County was listed as one of the top 10 dirtiest counties in Texas due to air pollution from a local chemical plant (Scorecard, 2012). Windshield Survey Within the community, a large amount of individuals are visible. Many are entering convenience stores and some are standing in the parking lot areas talking. A variety of ages is noted and the two major ethnic groups in the community, Caucasian and Hispanic, are the two that are the most visible. Many of the individual are overweight or obese. Some are well dressed while others are disheveled in appearance.Pregnant women are visible as well as women with small children. The general condition of the homes in Rockport is diverse. Many of the homes are multi-million dollar structures while others are dilapidated and in need of serious repair. People seen in the downtown area are walking but away from that area, most people are travelling in ca rs. Some people are travelling on bicycles or golf carts in designated areas. Three areas of public housing are noted but there are no visible signs of public transportation. Numerous campaign signs are visible throughout the entire community.One adult day care and two child day centers are noted during the survey. Two grade schools, one middle school, two private church schools, and one high school are seen during the survey. Many of the homes in the neighborhoods in the area are dirty and in need of repair. The yards are full of garbage and items such as old appliances, empty beer cans, and cars on blocks. Some of the roads are in need of repair and almost too narrow for two cars to traverse safely. Most of the business buildings have handicapped ramps leading up the sidewalks. Parking lots have handicapped parking and the doors have handicapped buttons.One large park is noted during the survey but the park was sparsely populated during the survey. Very few children are visible du ring the survey. Numerous full service restaurants as well as fast food facilities are seen throughout the community. Rockport has no hospital but there is one emergency care clinic. Two dialysis centers, one assisted living facility, and three long-term care centers are noted. Two physical therapy facilities are also seen during the survey as well as three dentist offices. While driving throughout the neighborhoods, very few children are seen outside playing.No neighborhood watch signs are visible in any of the neighborhoods. Numerous churches are seen throughout the entire community. No evidence of gang activity, drug abuse or alcohol abuse is visible during the survey. One herbal shop is located in the downtown area. Next door to the herbal store, there is an advertisement for massage therapy sessions. Signs advertising health clinics, lectures, or health fairs are not visible during the survey. Problem Assessment data clearly defines obesity as a focus health area. The combined percentage totals for the adults and children within the Rockport community that suffer from obesity is 49. %. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) obesity is one of the most common and most expensive health problems facing the United States. One of the objectives of Healthy People 2020 is to improve nutritional status and promote weight loss. When individual are overweight or obese, they are also at a high risk for numerous other medical complications such as hypertension, Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and many more diseases (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Historical SignificanceBefore the 1900’s being overweight was considered a hallmark symbol of wealth and health. The additional weight indicated that the individual had the financial resources to obtain a vast amount of food. Today, however, obesity is indicative of current and future medical problems. Prior to the many modern day c onveniences that most individuals use today, people toiled at intense labor to make a living. Meals were prepared from scratch and microwave meals were not available. In addition, food was expensive and difficult to acquire. Walking was common and until the late 1980’s obesity was not a problem in the United States (Wiley, 2012).Summary Obesity is a medical health problem that has becoming an increasing health care dilemma for minorities, low-income populations, and immigrants. These populations are vulnerable to these health care issues due to a variety of factors such as cultural diet choices, genetics, lack of funds to resource more nutritious foods and lifestyle choices. Throughout the United States, obesity and diabetes are reaching epidemic levels (Candib, 2007). Individuals today live a more sedentary lifestyle. They eat more fast foods, fried food and consume drinks high in sugar content.Children in the public school system consume meals high in carbohydrates and ofte n engage in little or no physical activity. Lack of income reduces consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and parents often purchase cheaper luncheon meats such as hot dogs rather than the more expensive cuts of meat. When the fast food giants introduced the super sizing concept to the world, thus began the super sizing of the population. References Candib, L. (2007) Obesity and diabetes in vulnerable population: Reflections on proximal and distal causes. Retrieved online from: http://annfammed. org/content/5/6/547. ull Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Obesity. Retrieved online from: http://www. cdc. gov/obesity Kaiser Health News (2012) Texas. Retrieved online from: http://www. statehealthfacts. org Nies, M. A. , & McEwen, M. (2011) Community public health nursing: Promoting the health of populations (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier Onboard Informatics (2010) Aransas County, Texas (TX). Retrieved online from: http://www. city-data. com/county/Aransa s-County-Tx. html Scorecard (2012) Pollution report card. Retrieved online from: http://scorecard. goodguide. com Shukalo, A. 2005) Handbook of Texas online. Retrieved online from: http://tshaonline. org/handbook/online/articles/hgr05 U. S. Census Bureau (2012) QuickFacts. Retrieved online from: http://www. census. gov/ U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (2012) Healthy people 2020: Nutrition and weight status. Retrieved online from: http://www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topicobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=29 Wiley, S. (2012) Obesity history in the America. Retrieved online from: http://www. livestrong. com/article/359624-obesity-in-america/ Community Health Assessment of Rockport, Texas Introduction